Understanding Autism Terminology

Neurodiversity

The recognition that neurological differences, including autism, are natural variations of the human brain. It promotes acceptance and appreciation of diverse ways of thinking and being.

Neurotypical

A term used to describe individuals whose neurological development and functioning align with societal expectations. It contrasts with neurodivergent, which includes individuals with autism and other neurodevelopmental differences.

Stimming

Short for self-stimulatory behaviour. Stimming commonly occurs from a young age, and refers to repetitive movements or actions often used by autistic children to regulate sensory input or express emotions.

Echolalia

Autistic children often repeat words or phrases heard from others, either immediately after hearing them (immediate echolalia) or at a later time (delayed echolalia).

Sensory processing

The way the brain interprets sensory information from the environment. Autistic children may experience sensory sensitivities or seek out sensory stimulation in different ways.

Meltdown

An intense reaction to overwhelming sensory or emotional stimuli, identified by emotional outbursts, crying, or physical agitation. It is not a deliberate behaviour, but can often be a form of communication, a response to stress or sensory overload.

Shutdown

A coping mechanism in which children with autism withdraw or disengage from their surroundings, often in response to stress or sensory overload. They may appear unresponsive or detached from their environment during a shutdown.

Executive functioning

Cognitive processes responsible for planning, organising, problem-solving, and self-regulation. Challenges in executive functioning can impact daily tasks and routines for children and young people with autism.

Special interests

Intense, focused interests that children with autism may develop. These interests can be a source of enjoyment and expertise for autistic children.

Social communication

Difficulties in understanding and using verbal and nonverbal communication cues in social interactions. This can include challenges in maintaining eye contact, understanding sarcasm, or interpreting facial expressions.

Inclusion

The practice of ensuring that people with autism and other disabilities are fully integrated into all aspects of society, including education, employment, and social activities, with appropriate support and accommodations.

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